Syllabus Topics:

• Lecture:
  • Introduction to DBMS
  • Basic Database Terminology
  • Types of DBMS: Relational, Object-Relational, and NoSQL Databases
  • Introduction to MySQL
  • MySQL Clients (Monitor, Shell, Workbench)
• Lab:
  • Using MySQL Monitor, Shell, and Workbench

Lecture Notes (In-Depth)

1. Introduction to DBMS

A Database Management System (DBMS) is specialized software designed to manage databases, enabling efficient storage, retrieval, updating, and management of data. It acts as an intermediary between users/applications and the database, ensuring data is organized, secure, and accessible.

• Purpose of DBMS:
  • Data Management: Organizes data in a structured manner (e.g., tables in RDBMS).
  • Data Integrity: Enforces constraints (e.g., primary keys, foreign keys) to maintain accuracy.
  • Concurrency Control: Allows multiple users to access data simultaneously without conflicts.
  • Security: Manages access through authentication and authorization (e.g., GRANT/REVOKE).
  • Backup and Recovery: Ensures data is recoverable in case of failures.
• Advantages:
  • Reduces data redundancy and inconsistency.
  • Provides data independence (logical and physical).
  • Supports complex queries for data retrieval.
  • Facilitates scalability and performance optimization.
• Examples:
  • Relational: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle.
  • NoSQL: MongoDB, Cassandra, Redis.

2. Basic Database Terminology

Understanding key terms is essential for working with databases:

• Database: An organized collection of data, typically stored and accessed electronically. Example: A "school" database containing student and course information.
• Table: A structure within a database that organizes data into rows (records) and columns (attributes). Example: A students table with columns student_id, name, age.
• Row/Record/Tuple: A single entry in a table. Example: (1, 'John Doe', 20) in the students table.
• Column/Attribute: A specific property of a table. Example: name or age in the students table.
• Primary Key: A unique, non-null identifier for each record in a table. Example: student_id in students.
• Foreign Key: A column in one table that references the primary key of another table, establishing a relationship. Example: course_id in an enrollments table referencing courses.course_id.
• Schema: The logical structure of a database, defining tables, relationships, and constraints.
• Query: A request to retrieve, insert, update, or delete data (e.g., SELECT * FROM students;).